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\u3000    \u5510\u4e16\u5e73\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6210\u529f\u4e00\u54e1\u3002\u52d5\u4e0d\u52d5\u5c31\u8ac7\u4e2d\u570b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u9a55\u50b2\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font> \u5fa9\u65e6\u5927\u5b78\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388 \u5510\u4e16\u5e73 <\/span><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u90fd\u5728\u8ac7\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u7279\u8272\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u9053\u8def\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f9e\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u696d\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u662f\u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5049\u5927\u5fa9\u8208\u90fd\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u9677\u5165\u201c\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u9677\u9631\u201d\u800c\u592d\u6298\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f55\u8b02\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\uff1f<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\uff08developmental state\uff09\u201d\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u4e2d\u570b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u554f\u984c\u5c08\u5bb6\u67e5\u9ed8\u65af\u00b7\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\uff08Charlmers Johnson, 1931-2010\uff09\u5728\u4ed61982\u5e74\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u901a\u7522\u7701\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5947\u8de1\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8108\u7d61\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5fb7\u570b\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8cbb\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u674e\u65af\u7279\uff081789-1846\uff09\u7684\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u300b\uff081841\uff09\u548c\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u683c\u7533\u514b\u9f8d\uff08Alexander Gerschenkron\uff0c1904-1978\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u8996\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u843d\u5f8c\u300b\uff081962\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u958b\u570b\u5143\u52db\u4e4b\u4e00Alexander Hamilton\uff08\u6f22\u5bc6\u723e\u9813\uff0c1755-1804\uff09\u5728\u300a\u806f\u90a6\u9ee8\u4eba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff081787-1788\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u901a\u7522\u7701\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5947\u8de1\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u5b78\u754c\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u754c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u5c0d\u201c\u570b\u5bb6\u5275\u65b0\u9ad4\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u65bc\u91cd\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u674e\u65af\u7279\u7684\u201c\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u67e5\u9ed8\u65af\u00b7\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u514b\u6797\u9813\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u201c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9867\u554f\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08CEA\uff09\u201d\u4e3b\u5e2d\u52de\u62c9\u00b7\u6cf0\u68ee\uff08Laura Tyson\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6230\u7565\u8cbf\u6613\u201d\u7684\u5fe0\u5be6\u4fe1\u5949\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b66\u544a\u7f8e\u570b\u5982\u679c\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u6230\u7565\u7522\u696d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c31\u5c07\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u7522\u696d\u7af6\u722d\u4e2d\u5931\u6557\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\uff08developmental state\uff09\u201d\u4f9d\u820a\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u5e7e\u5e74\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5f8c\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u904e\u5148\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b3a\u51cc\u751a\u81f3\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6709\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u201c\u8d95\u8d85\u201d\u60c5\u7d50\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\u9762\u5c0d\u82f1\u570b\u5c62\u6230\u5c62\u6557\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\uff081700\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u62ff\u7834\u4f96\u7684\u5927\u8ecd\u9762\u524d\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u582a\u4e00\u64ca\u7684\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\uff081806\uff09\u3002\u76e1\u7ba1\u6cd5\u570b\u6700\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u4e861789\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u5de5\u696d\u7684\u8d95\u8d85\u57fa\u672c\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u70ba\u6210\u529f\uff1a\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\uff081800-1890\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u7d00\u4fbf\u6210\u529f\u8d95\u8d85\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u6700\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u50c5\u6b21\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6210\u529f\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u660e\u6cbb\u7dad\u65b0\u8d77\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6548\u4eff\u8005\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u904e\u7a0b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u5c31\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u61b2\u6cd5\u5c08\u5bb6\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u8b93\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u70ba\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7121\u7591\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u201c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5947\u8de1\u201d\uff0c\u76e1\u7ba1\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u4e8c\u6230\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u8108\u76f8\u627f\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u7e7c\u65e5\u672c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6279\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u5730\u5340\uff09\u201d\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6771\u4e9e\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4e9e\u6d32\u56db\u5c0f\u9f8d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u56db\u5c0f\u864e\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\uff081954\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff09\u3001\u97d3\u570b\uff081962\u958b\u59cb\uff09\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9e\u7b49\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u57281840\u4e4b\u5f8c\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u90fd\u8a66\u5716\u5b88\u8457\u50b3\u7d71\u800c\u641e\u9ede\u201c\u6d0b\u52d9\u904b\u52d5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u5b78\u70ba\u9ad4\u3001\u897f\u5b78\u70ba\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5fb9\u5e95\u518d\u9020\u4e2d\u570b\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u65e5\u6f38\u840e\u7e2e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u5fc3\u4e5f\u7121\u529b\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u4e00\u76f4\u52301911-1927\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u958b\u59cb\u5177\u5099\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7fa9<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u6309\u7167\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u5169\u500b\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u9769\u547d\u6216\u8005\u534a\u9769\u547d\u9020\u5c31\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u90fd\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u4fe1\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u9019\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u5ffd\u8996\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u662f\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e2d\u6771\u5730\u5340\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u570b\u5bb6\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u6070\u6070\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u8996\u70ba\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6c61\u67d3\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60f3\u901a\u904e\u56de\u6b78\u50b3\u7d71\u4f86\u62b5\u79a6\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5177\u5099\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u4ecd\u820a\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6210\u529f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u9084\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5099\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u9ede\uff08\u9019\u5e7e\u9ede\u52a0\u8d77\u4f86\u5927\u81f4\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u5145\u5206\u689d\u4ef6\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30001. \u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u6709\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u8a08\u5283\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5168\u7a31\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u65bc\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u5f8c\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e0b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u4e7e\u9810\uff08\u5236\u5b9a\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a08\u5283\u6216\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff09\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4\u570b\u6709\u4f01\u696d\u3002\u8607\u806f\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u6d88\u6ec5\u4e86\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30002. \u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f8c\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u50cf\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u90a3\u6a23\u8a8d\u5b9a\u570b\u5bb6\u8d8a\u5c11\u4e7e\u9810\u8d8a\u597d\u5c31\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u7d93\u6fdf\u5347\u7d1a\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30003. \u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u78ba\u5be6\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u53bb\u7a92\u606f\u6c11\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u8f14\u52a9\u3001\u548c\u6307\u5c0e\u6c11\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u5bb6\u662f\u6c11\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u201c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e4b\u624b\uff08helping hand\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u6c11\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9650\u5236\u6c11\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8b93\u570b\u5bb6\u4e7e\u9810\u548c\u6c11\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\u5f62\u6210\u5408\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30004. \u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u7c21\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u5e02\u5834\u548c\u5206\u5de5\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9589\u9580\u9020\u8eca\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30005. \u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u7368\u7acb\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5ec9\u6f54\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4f9d\u8cf4\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u79d1\u8209\u5f0f\u9078\u62d4\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e7e\u9810\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b98\u54e1\u4efb\u547d\u548c\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u7cfb\u76f8\u5c0d\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u57c3\u6587\u65af\uff08Peter Evans\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u201d\uff08embedded autonomy\uff09\uff09\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30006. \u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6276\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u7684\u696d\u7e3e\u8003\u6838\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u79c1\u71df\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u79c1\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u696d\u7e3e\u9054\u4e0d\u5230\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u5c07\u4e0d\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7e7c\u7e8c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5c0d\u570b\u4f01\u5247\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30007. \u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u9700\u8981\u8207\u6642\u4ff1\u9032\u3002\u6280\u8853\u524d\u6cbf\u5728\u8b8a\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u8b8a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8207\u6642\u4ff1\u9032\u7684\u7522\u696d\u653f\u7b56\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u6bd4\u8f03\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u570b\u9084\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u5225\u6210\u529f\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u30001911-1927\u5e74\u9593\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e2d\u570b\u9769\u547d\u958b\u59cb\u9020\u5c31\u4e2d\u570b\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u5fb9\u5e95\u3002\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u662f\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u6297\u6230\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff081937-1945\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u570b\u5167\u6230\u722d\uff081945-1949\u5e74\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u5099\u4e86\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u570b\u6210\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u982d30\u5e74\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u76e1\u7ba1\u9019\u671f\u9593\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5efa\u8a2d\u78ba\u5be6\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u6539\u9769\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u790e\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u662f\u5728\u6539\u9769\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u5e02\u5834\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u958b\u59cb\u5b78\u7fd2\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u97d3\u570b\u3001\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5f8c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e2d\u570b\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u4e9e\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8ecc\u8de1\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e2d\u4e0a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u57281946\u5e74\u81f31976\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6574\u6574\u64f4\u5f35\u4e8655\u500d\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u50c5\u50c5\u7528\u4e8630\u5e74\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u529f\u8e8b\u8eab\u6700\u767c\u9054\u570b\u50a2\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u4e5f\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u81f4\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u5730\u5340\uff081954-1990\uff09\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7684\u6210\u9577\u696d\u7e3e\u4e5f\u76f8\u7576\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u97d3\u570b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u66f4\u52a0\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u5f9e\u6a38\u6b63\u7199\u65bc1962\u5e74\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u97d3\u570b\u7684\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u578b\u570b\u5bb6\u201d\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u97d3\u570b\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u4e86OECD\u6210\u54e1\u570b\uff0c\u8e8b\u8eab\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u884c\u5217\u30021962\u81f31989\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u97d3\u570b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6574\u6574\u64f4\u5f35\u4e86100\u500d\uff01\u97d3\u570b\u4e0d\u50c5\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7522\u696d\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u5f9e1960-1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u5bc6\u96c6\u7522\u696d\u5347\u7d1a\u52301980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u6280\u8853\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7522\u696d\u3002\u97d3\u570b\u5982\u4eca\u64c1\u6709\u4e09\u661f\u3001LG\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u7b49\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u6279\u4e16\u754c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u79c1\u71df\u5927\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6210\u529f\u8d0f\u5f97\u5c0d\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7522\u696d\u512a\u52e2\u3002\u5728\u8de8\u5165\u767c\u9054\u570b\u5bb6\u9580\u6abb\u5f8c\uff0c\u97d3\u570b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\u52e2\u982d\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7d93\u6b77\u904e1997\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u3002<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u767c\u5c55\u6230\u7565\u7684\u555f\u793a<\/font><\/div>\n
\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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\u3000\u3000<\/font><\/div>\n
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