{"id":60283,"date":"2018-10-04T23:07:11","date_gmt":"2018-10-04T23:07:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/2018\/10\/04\/%e4%bc%a0%e6%92%ad%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%b1%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e6%83%b3%e5%83%8f%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%b4%a9%e5%a1%8c\/"},"modified":"2018-10-04T23:07:11","modified_gmt":"2018-10-04T23:07:11","slug":"%e4%bc%a0%e6%92%ad%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%b1%e5%b8%9d%e5%9b%bd%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e6%83%b3%e5%83%8f%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%b4%a9%e5%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/?p=60283","title":{"rendered":"\u4f20\u64ad\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u50cf\u53ca\u5176\u5d29\u584c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3000<\/a><\/p>\n

  \u3000\u539f\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30002018\u5e747\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3(Global China Research Centre,
\nUniversity of
\nExeter)\u8054\u5408\u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u6cd5\u610f\u6691\u671f\u5b66\u6821\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u827e\u5e0c\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u6bb7\u4e4b\u5149\u8001\u5e08\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u79d1\u6559\u5b66\u697c403\u6559\u5ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u5458\u8bb2\u6388\u300c\u4f20\u64ad\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u50cf\u53ca\u5176\u5d29\u584c\u300d\u3002\u7531\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u5e08\u8d44\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u5218\u5929\u9a84\u62c5\u4efb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u52a9\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u8bb2|\u6bb7\u4e4b\u5149<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6574\u7406|\u5e84\u99a5\u83c1<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6821\u5bf9|\u5218\u5929\u9a84<\/p>\n

"Snake<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000Snake Charmer, 1889<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u4f55\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u5e1d\u56fd\u300d (empire)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u79e9\u5e8f\u89c2\u3001\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u53d9\u4e8b(narrative)\uff0c
\n\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u50cf\u300d(worldview)\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u300c\u5e1d\u56fd\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u60f3\u50cf\u300d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7406\u89e3\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2?\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5168\u7403\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9610\u91ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2?\u7406\u89e3\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e2e\u52a9?<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7f57\u5927\u4f51\u7684\u300a\u7687\u540e\u5927\u9053\u4e1c\u300b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u7687\u540e\u5927\u9053\u4ece\u4e1c\u5230\u897f\u4eba\u6f6e\u6c79\u6d8c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7686\u4e3a\u4e70\u697c\u800c\u6101\u82e6\u300d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u5d29\u584c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u4e0e\u4f53\u9a8c\u2014\u2014\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6b64\u6b21\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

""<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e1d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e24\u79cd\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u901a\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002\u4ee5\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c1923\u5e74\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u300c\u516c\u5173\u63a8\u9500\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u300d\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u3001\u6559\u58eb\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u7cbe\u82f1\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u300c\u796d\u53f8\u300d(priest)\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5e76\u4f20\u64ad\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u796d\u53f8\u300d\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7684\u8109\u7edc\uff1a\u300c\u5251\u6865\u5b66\u6d3e\u300d(Cambridge
\nSchool)\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u4e0e\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u8109\u7edc\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u300d\u8109\u7edc\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6210\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u806a\u6167\u7684\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u3001\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u300c\u806a\u6167\u7684\u5934\u8111\u300d\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5e1d\u56fd\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u51b7\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7406\u8bba(Global
\nGovernance)\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u5957\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49(formalism)\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u5411\u6765\u662f\u5b66\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

""<\/center>
\n
""<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u8fd9\u8282\u8bfe\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u796d\u53f8\u300d\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5e1d\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5e1d\u56fd\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8109\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u4e0e\u63a2\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u53d9\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u300c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300d(sacredness)\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u6240\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300d\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f20\u9012\u300c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u300c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6216\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u300c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u5730\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u5723\u5b8f\u5927\u53d9\u4e8b\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u300c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610ftranscendency\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5728\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cdtranscendency\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cdtranscendency\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8de8\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8ffd\u8ff0\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5904\u4e8e\u9f0e\u76db\u7684\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f(Victorian
\nEra)\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u5168\u7403\u7f51\u8def\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0・\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279・\u897f\u83b1(John Robert
\nSeeley, 1834-1895)\u4e8e1881\u5e74\u5728\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66(Cambridge University)\u5f00\u8bbe\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7ed3\u96c6\u6210\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u300b(The
\nExpansion of
\nEngland)\uff0c\u88ab\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u5f00\u7aef\u300d\u3002\u897f\u83b1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u300c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd8\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u672a\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u542f\u793a\u300d\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5728\u4e8e\u68b3\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6307\u70b9\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u8bba\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u300d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300a\u86cb\u5934\u5148\u751f\u300b(Humpty
\nDumpty)\u662f\u4e00\u9996\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u513f\u6b4c\u3002\u5b83\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u86cb\u5934\u5148\u751f\u4ece\u5899\u4e0a\u6454\u4e0b\u5e76\u6454\u788e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b4c\u8bcd\u300c\u54ea\u6015\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u9a91\u58eb\u548c\u9a6c\u5339\u90fd\u8c03\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u6454\u788e\u4e00\u5730\u7684\u86cb\u5934\u5148\u751f\u62fc\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u300d(All
\nthe king’s horses and all the king’s men, couldn’t put Humpty together
\nagain)\u30021981\u5e74\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u5927\u536b・\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8c6a\u65af(David Fieldhouse, 1925
\n\u2014)\u66fe\u53d1\u8868\u300c\u86cb\u5934\u5148\u751f\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u62fc\u5230\u4e00\u5757\u53bb\u300d\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u662f\uff0c\u4f34\u968f1982\u5e74\u798f\u514b\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\u6218\u4e89(Malvinas
\nWar)\u7684\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5df2\u7136\u5d29\u584c\u3002\u5f53\u5e1d\u56fd\u9762\u4e34\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300d\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u5e94\u5f53\u4f55\u53bb\u4f55\u4ece?\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8c6a\u65af\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u9996\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u9996\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u7684\u513f\u6b4c\uff0c\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5fe7\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

"\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u5927\u536b・\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8c6a\u65af\uff08David<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u5927\u536b・\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8c6a\u65af(David Fieldhouse, 1925 \u2014)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8c6a\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u300c\u4ef2\u4ecb\u7269\u300d(intermediate)\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u300c\u4ef2\u4ecb\u7269\u300d\u8574\u542b\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5730\u7f18\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5177\u6709\u300c\u8fb9\u7586\u300d(frontier)\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u8fb9\u7586\u300d\u6c38\u8fdc\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u8870\u9000\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u8fb9\u7586\u300d;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u518d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8c6a\u65af\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5b57\u773c\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u300c\u4ef2\u4ecb\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u773c\u662f\u300c\u5fe0\u8bda\u300d(loyalty)\u3002\u300c\u5fe0\u8bda\u300d\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u300c\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u300e\u5fe0\u8bda\u300f\u4f55\u5904\u5b89\u653e\u300d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u662f\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u592b・\u827e\u4f26・\u8d1d\u5229(Christopher Alan Bayly, 1945 \u2014
\n2015)\uff0c\u8d1d\u5229\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5370\u5ea6\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u8bb2\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8f6c\u5411\uff1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u6210\u300c\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u300d(decolonization)\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u8f6c\u5411\u4e0e\u5170\u514b(Ranke)\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u53f2\u5b66\u300d\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5170\u514b\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u53f2\u5b66\u300d\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8d1d\u5229\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u89c6\u91ce\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5f53\u4eca\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u3002\u5168\u7403\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u610f\u8bc6\u5df2\u7ecf\u540c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u300c\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u300d\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb2\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u62c6\u89e3\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u63a8\u52a8\u300c\u65b0\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u300d(New Imperial History)\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b89\u6735\u6d85\u7279・\u4f2f\u987f(Antoinette Burton,
\n1961\u2014 )\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u4f2f\u987f\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u52a8\u5e1d\u56fd\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u53d9\u4e8b\u671d\u5411\u788e\u7247\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

"\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u592b・\u827e\u4f26・\u8d1d\u5229\uff08Christopher<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u592b・\u827e\u4f26・\u8d1d\u5229(Christopher Alan Bayly, 1945 \u2014 2015)<\/p>\n

"\u5b89\u6735\u6d85\u7279・\u4f2f\u987f\uff08Antoinette<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5b89\u6735\u6d85\u7279・\u4f2f\u987f(Antoinette Burton, 1961\u2014 )<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4fc4\u56fd\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5927\u535a\u5f08\u5c40\u52bf\u4e0b\u611f\u5230\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u4eff\u7167\u4fc4\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u7406\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u6587\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u5927\u91cf\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u77e5\u8bc6\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u4eca\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u53f2\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u300c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u300d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63cf\u8ff0\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8109\u7edc\u3002\u4ece\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f1a\u8bae(Congress
\nof Vienna)\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a(Paris Peace Conference, 1919)\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u4e09\u85e9\u5e02\u4f1a\u8bae(San Francisco
\nConference)\u4e0e\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u56de\u5408(Uruguay
\nRound)\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u7cbe\u82f1\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u5236\u9020\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u300d\u7684\u5047\u50cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u590d\u4ec7\u8005\u8054\u76df\u300b\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u5728\u300a\u590d\u4ec7\u8005\u8054\u76df\u300b\u6240\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u88ab\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\u300d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u9738\u6743\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

""<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u63a2\u7a76\u73fe\u6709\u5e1d\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u9ad4\u73fe\u9738\u6b0a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3001\u5e1d\u570b\u53f2\u3001\u570b\u969b\u904b\u52d5\u53f2\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e00\u689d\u8108\u7d61\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u56de\u61c9\u4e00\u500b\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u300c\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u8d6b\u91cc\u798f\u5fb7\u5730\u5716(Hereford
\nMeppa
\nMundi)\u4f86\u770b\u3002\u5730\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u502b\u4e09\u5cf6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f80\u5357\u90e8\u5730\u7406\u666f\u89c0\u8d8a\u767c\u602a\u7570\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5730\u5716\u6700\u4e0a\u7aef\u7e6a\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u8d6b\u91cc\u798f\u5fb7\u5730\u5716\u767c\u63ee\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8aac\u660e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u901a\u904e\u5716\u50cf\u7b49\u591a\u7a2e\u5a92\u4ecb\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u96a8\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u30021938\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4e00\u7d44\u4f86\u81ea\u4e2d\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u89e3\u653e\u5340\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u7167\u7247\u3002\u88e1\u9762\u4e0d\u4f46\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u3001\u6731\u5fb7\u7b49\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u89e3\u653e\u5340\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u3002\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u5340\u8857\u9053\u7684\u7246\u4e0a\uff0c\u8cbc\u8457\u652f\u63f4\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5167\u6230\u7684\u6d77\u5831\u3002\u5728\u9019\u5f35\u6d77\u5831\u908a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u7d50\u6838\u75c5\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u756b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u89e3\u653e\u5340\u8ddd\u96e2\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f88\u9059\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4f7f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u767c\u63ee\u9769\u547d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u300c\u795e\u8056\u6027\u300d\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u901a\u904e\u69cb\u5efa\u300c\u795e\u8056\u6027\u300d\u589e\u5f37\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u300c\u796d\u53f8\u300d\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e1d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u4e01(Dante Alighieri, 1265\u20141321)\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u300d(de
\nMonarchia)\u3001\u970d\u5e03\u68ee(John A.Hobson, 1858\u20141940)\u7684\u300c\u5171\u65f6\u4e4b\u540c\u60c5\u300d(simultaneous
\nsympathy)\u3001\u5362\u68ad(Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712\u20141778)\u7684\u300c\u5171\u540c\u610f\u5fd7\u300d(volont\u00e9
\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ale)\u5171\u540c\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u300d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u300d(legitimacy)\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u6cd5\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7406\u89e3\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u7684\u975e\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u300d\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6574\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53d9\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u300c\u5012\u53d9\u300d(retrospective)\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u300c\u5012\u53d9\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f20\u8fbe\u5e1d\u56fd\u957f\u6cbb\u4e45\u5b89\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

"\u8d6b\u91cc\u798f\u5fb7\u5730\u5716\uff08Hereford<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u8d6b\u91cc\u798f\u5fb7\u5730\u56fe(Hereford Meppa Mundi)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d(metropole)\u4e0e\u300c\u8fb9\u7f18\u300d(periphery)\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u8ba8\u8bba\u5e1d\u56fd\u5305\u62ec\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u300c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u8fb9\u7f18\u300d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u300c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u8fb9\u7f18\u300d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u672c\u8eab\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u9a8c<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u300d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u300d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5957\u666e\u901a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7ec6\u8282\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4f10\u6728\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u6a21\u91cc\u897f\u65af\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u3001\u5728\u96c5\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6d77\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f80\u6765\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u7740\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u8ddf\u7cbe\u82f1\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u300d(the other)\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0e\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e・\u8428\u4f0a\u5fb7(Edward W.
\nSaid)\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u6295\u5c04\u300d\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u89c2\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u5373\u300c\u901a\u8fc7\u770b\u5230\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ece\u8428\u4f0a\u5fb7\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b(Orientalism)\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u56fe\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u753b\u5bb6\u8ba9・\u83b1\u6602・\u6770\u7f57\u59c6(Jean-L\u00e9on
\nG\u00e9rôme, 1824-1904)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u821e\u86c7\u8005\u300b(The Snake
\nCharmer)\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u300d\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u300c\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e0e\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5374\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

""<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9762\u5bf9\u300c\u53bb\u6b96\u6c11\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5927\u536b・\u5eb7\u7eb3\u6c40(David Cannadine,
\n1950\u2014)\u4ee5\u300c\u9636\u5c42\u76f8\u540c\u6027\u300d\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d9\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u9a6c\u560e\u5c14\u5c3c(George
\nMacartney,
\n1737\u20141806)\u8bbf\u534e\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9a6c\u560e\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bbf\u534e\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9a6c\u560e\u5c14\u5c3c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u9a6c\u560e\u5c14\u5c3c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e7e\u9686\u7687\u5e1d\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u4ece1897\u5e74\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u79a7\u5e74\u5e86\u5178(Diamond
\nJubilee)\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u79d1\u5c42\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff1a\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u90fd\u5728\u4e3e\u529e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u300c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u8fb9\u7f18\u300d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u3002\u56fe\u50cf\u62a5\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5219\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u8d44\u8baf\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n

"Ornamentalism,<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000Ornamentalism, David Cannadine<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e1d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u4f5c\u7528\u30021917\u5e7412\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u6210\u529f\u5360\u9886\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u300c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u300d(A
\ncrusade for human
\nliberties)\uff0c\u4ece\u4fa7\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u5149\u8363\u5730\u4e3a\u5e1d\u56fd\u732e\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5e8f\u683c\u5c40\u901a\u8fc7\u5e1d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u795e\u5723\u53d9\u4e8b\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5730\u7ef4\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6027\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u6027\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u7b51\u4e4b\u4e0a\u30021862\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u7684\u5c55\u9986\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5c55\u9986\u5916\u89c2\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5c55\u9986\u5185\u90e8\u7a79\u9876\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4eba\u540c\u5c55\u9986\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u663e\u5f97\u6e3a\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u6240\u751f\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6027\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5e03\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c55\u54c1\u6ee1\u6ee1\u5802\u5802\u5360\u636e\u6574\u4e2a\u5c55\u5385\uff0c\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u5723\u5bcc\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u5e1d\u56fd\u53d9\u4e8b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u5723\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u536b\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

"\u502b\u6566\u4e16\u754c\u535a\u89bd\u6703\uff081862<\/center><\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4f26\u6566\u4e16\u754c\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a(1862 International Exhibition)<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u6bd4\u795e\u5723\u6027\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u9a8c\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u5230\u5357\u975e\u7684\u6a59\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u57f9\u6839\u706b\u817f;\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5957\u53d9\u4e8b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7(middle
\nclass)\u7684\u5bcc\u8db3\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7f8e\u597d\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u300c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6240\u5728\u300d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53d1\u6325\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u300d\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e1d\u56fd\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5e95\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u300c\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u300d\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bcd\u3002\u300c\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u52b3\u52a8\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u53cd\u6297\u300d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u6211\u62ef\u6551\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u3000   \u3000\u539f\u5bfc\u8a00\uff1a \u3000\u30002018\u5e747\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u57c3\u514b\u585e\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u5168\u7403\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3(Global China Research Centre, Uni…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[60],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60283"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60283\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xiongmaotimes.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}