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Romel Ponciano\u662f\u4f0a\u7d0d\u65cf\uff08Yine\uff09\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d7\u50f1\u65bc\u79d8\u9b6f\u570b\u5167\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u88ab\u59d4\u6d3e\u5354\u8abf\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u65cf\u8207\u5916\u754c\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u5916\u4f86\u4eba\u58eb\u767c\u751f\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u4f0a\u7d0d\u65cf\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u805a\u5c45\u5730\u6bd7\u9130\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u65cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Ponciano\u61c2\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u7d04\u516b\u6210\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u2500\u4ed6\u8aaa\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u4eba\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u300c\u5e74\u9577\u4e00\u8f29\u300d\u624d\u6703\u7528\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6216\u70ba\u6436\u4e00\u6839\u91dd\u7dda\u6bba\u4eba<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0cPonciano\u4e0d\u6562\u8f15\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u591a\u756a\u8b66\u544a\u4efb\u4f55\u8207\u539f\u59cb\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u65cf\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u90fd\u662f\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u3002\u300c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u65cf\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u56e0\u60f3\u596a\u53d6\u4f60\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u5f4e\u5200\u751a\u6216\u662f\u91dd\u7dda\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u4f60\u6bba\u6389\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5916\u4f86\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u597d\u5947\u800c\u5192\u96aa\u5617\u8a66\u63a5\u89f8\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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2015\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u53e2\u6797\u9644\u8fd1\u7684Machiguenga\u6751\u6c11\u7a81\u7136\u906d\u5230\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u65cf\u4eba\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u65cf\u4eba\u8d81\u7740\u6751\u88cf\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5168\u90fd\u51fa\u5916\u5e79\u6d3b\u6642\uff0c\u7a81\u8972\u6751\u838a\uff0c\u6578\u540d\u6751\u6c11\u88ab\u4e82\u7bad\u5c04\u6b7b\u3002Gregorio P\u00e9rez\u768422\u6b72\u5152\u5b50\u4e0d\u5e78\u88ab\u9577\u9054\u5169\u7c73\u7684\u7af9\u7bad\u982d\u5c04\u6b7b\u3002\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u60b2\u50b7\u4e4b\u9918\u4ea6\u76f8\u7576\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6751\u5b50\u88ab\u907a\u68c4\u4e86\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u4f55\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u60f3\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u65cf\uff1f\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6027\u547d\u5c31\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u55ce\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n

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\u79d8\u9b6f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u90e8\u9580\u7e3d\u76e3Lorena Prieto\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u65cf\u4e3b\u52d5\u63a5\u89f8\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u5177\u60e1\u610f\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u65cf\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u5b64\u7acb\u300d\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u81f4\u529b\u4fdd\u8b77\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u975e\u725f\u5229\u7d44\u7e54Survival International\u7814\u7a76\u7e3d\u76e3Fiona Watson\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u65cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5916\u908a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u9ad8\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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\u6dea\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u88cf\u300c\u6700\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6Lu\u00eds Felipe Torres\u5c08\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u99ac\u5fb7\u96f7\u5fb7\u8fea\u5967\u65af\u6cb3\u6cbf\u5cb8\u4e00\u5e36\u7684\u571f\u8457\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u904e\u5f80\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u88ab\u5916\u4f86\u8005\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u904b\u611f\u5230\u60b2\u89c0\uff1a\u300c\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u50c5\u56e0\u63a5\u89f8\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1a\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cbb\u7652\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u5e36\u5165\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u525d\u524a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4e0b\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u300e\u7aae\u4eba\u88cf\u9762\u6700\u7aae\u7684\u4eba\u300f\u3002\u300d\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

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"\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6Lu\u00eds<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6Lu\u00eds Felipe Torres\u6839\u64da\u904e\u5f80\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u88ab\u5916\u4f86\u8005\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u99ac\u65af\u79d1\u76ae\u6d1b\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u904b\u611f\u5230\u60b2\u89c0\u3002\uff08VCG\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u8a18\u8005Andrew Lawler\u548cHeather Pringle\u591a\u6b21\u5230\u79d8\u9b6f\u7684\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u96e8\u6797\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2015\u5e746\u6708\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\uff08Science\uff09\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5167\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u96a8\u7740\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u65cf\u8207\u5916\u754c\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8d70\u51fa\u6df1\u5c45\u53e2\u6797\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u7d14\u7cb9\u51fa\u65bc\u300c\u7834\u58de\u300d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u800c\u8972\u64ca\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u6751\u838a\u3002<\/p>\n

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Lawler\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u57282014\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u79d8\u9b6f\u5eab\u862d\u54c8\u6cb3\uff08Curanja River\uff09\u6cbf\u5cb8\u7684\u6751\u6c11\u7d50\u7fa4\u96e2\u958b\u5bb6\u5712\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u57ce\u93ae\u53c3\u8207\u5730\u5340\u9078\u8209\u6295\u7968\u3002\u8ab0\u6599\u5230\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u8fd4\u56de\u6751\u838a\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3001\u5eda\u5177\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u5177\u3001\u540a\u5e8a\u90fd\u88ab\u76dc\u53bb\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4f30\u8a08\u76dc\u8cca\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6df1\u5c45\u53e2\u6797\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u65cf\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5eab\u862d\u54c8\u6cb3\u908a\u7684\u6751\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e7e\u4ee3\u4e5f\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u65bc\u53e2\u6797\u88cf\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\u906d\u6436\u63a0\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u904e\u5ea6\u61a4\u6068\u3002\u300c\u6751\u6c11\u8a8d\u70ba\u5077\u6771\u897f\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300e\u8868\u5144\u5f1f\u300f\uff0c\u4e26\u5f62\u5bb9\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u53ea\u662f\u300e\u6536\u5272\u300f\uff08harvesting\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u300e\u76dc\u7aca\u300f\u3002\u300dLawler\u89e3\u91cb\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u61c9\u53d7\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u555f\u8499\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8056\u99ac\u79d1\u65af\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4fdd\u8b77\u5340\u5728\u53e2\u6797\u908a\u7de3\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5df4\u897f\u7f85\u8cf4\u99ac\u5dde\uff08Roraima State\uff09\u9996\u5e9c\u535a\u963f\u7dad\u65af\u5854\uff08Boa Vista\uff09\u7d04\u4e00\u5c0f\u6642\u8eca\u7a0b\uff0c\u9019\u88cf\u4f4f\u7740\u65e9\u5df2\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u63a5\u8ecc\u7684Tarau-Paru\u65cf\u90e8\u843d\u3002\u65cf\u9577Alindo Ferreira\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u7a2e\u690d\u4e86\u6728\u85af\u3001\u9999\u8549\u7b49\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u8ce3\u5230\u57ce\u93ae\u88cf\uff0c\u5229\u6f64\u9817\u8c50\u3002\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8b49\u660e\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u5df4\u897f\u4eba\u770b\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u90fd\u61c2\u5f97\u751f\u7522\u3002\u300dFerreira\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

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"\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u300c\u672a\u63a5\u89f8\u90e8\u843d\u300d\uff0c\u5df2\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u70ba\u6578\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u514d\u65bc\u5916\u754c\u7684\u4fb5\u64fe\uff0c\u904e\u7740\u7121\u6182\u7121\u616e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\uff08VCG\uff09"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u300c\u672a\u63a5\u89f8\u90e8\u843d\u300d\uff0c\u5df2\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u6709\u6301\u7e8c\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5357\u7f8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u90e8\u843d\u70ba\u6578\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u514d\u65bc\u5916\u754c\u7684\u4fb5\u64fe\uff0c\u904e\u7740\u7121\u6182\u7121\u616e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\uff08VCG\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u5df4\u897f\u653f\u5e9c\u57281988\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u61b2\u6cd5\u4fdd\u969c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u76ca\u3001\u514d\u65bc\u53d7\u76e3\u8996\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6587\u5316\u81ea\u4e3b\u7b49\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u6709\u53cd\u5c0d\u4eba\u58eb\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u904e\u65bc\u512a\u5f85\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff1a\u5df4\u897f\u5168\u570b\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u6578\u53ea\u4f54\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u76840.4%\uff0c\u537b\u53d7\u60e0\u65bc\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4fdd\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u300c\u4f54\u64da\u300d\u4e86\u5168\u570b14%\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u73fe\u5728Tarau-Paru\u65cf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u689d\u4ef6\u8b8a\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5bb6\u5ead\u6536\u5165\u6bcf\u5468\u6709125\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7d04976\u6e2f\u5143\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0b\u96e8\u6703\u6f0f\u6c34\u7684\u571f\u5c4b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u8b8a\u4f5c\u5805\u56fa\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u9435\u76ae\u5c0f\u5c4b\u3002Ferreira\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u70ba\u5916\u754c\u6240\u6a19\u7c64\u7684\u300c\u61f6\u60f0\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u5411\u5916\u754c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u571f\u8457\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u4f86\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6559\u6388Robert Walker\u548cKim Hill\u57282015\u5e74\u65bc\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u79d8\u9b6f\u5169\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u6642\u5019\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u539f\u59cb\u90e8\u843d\u6cbf\u7528\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u5e72\u9810\u300d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u9084\u5408\u6642\u5b9c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u539f\u59cb\u571f\u8457\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u7121\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002\u300c\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u7d50\u69cb\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u8fd1\u89aa\u7e41\u6b96\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u7d30\u5c0f\u3001\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u9762\u81e8\u6ec5\u7a2e\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u300d\u8207\u5176\u8b93\u975e\u6cd5\u5165\u4fb5\u8005\u548c\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u596a\u53bb\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5012\u4e0d\u5982\u6709\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5011\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u5c07\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u71df\u751f\u6280\u8853\u3001\u6297\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u3001\u9632\u885b\u6280\u80fd\u5e36\u5165\u53e2\u6797\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u624d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

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"\u4e3b\u52d5\u63a5\u89f8\u571f\u8457\u6703\u5426\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u6ec5\u65cf\u6027\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u5462\uff1f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6210\u679c\u61c9\u5426\u9032\u5165\u53e2\u6797\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\uff08Getty<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e3b\u52d5\u63a5\u89f8\u571f\u8457\u6703\u5426\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u6ec5\u65cf\u6027\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u5462\uff1f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6210\u679c\u61c9\u5426\u9032\u5165\u53e2\u6797\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\uff08Getty Images\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u300c\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u300d\u53ef\u6e1b\u4f4e\u50b7\u5bb3\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u8b70\u63a1\u53d6\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u727d\u982d\u7684\u300c\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u300d\uff08controlled contact\uff09\u65b9\u91dd\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u6bd4\u73fe\u6642\u6cbf\u7528\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u5e72\u9810\u300d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u8b77\u571f\u8457\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u89c0\u9ede\u906d\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u95dc\u6ce8\u7d44\u7e54\u62a8\u64ca\u3002Survival International\u66f4\u767c\u8868\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u5169\u4f4d\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u525d\u524a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u6c7a\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Robert Walker\u548cKim Hill\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u300c\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u300d\u9808\u5728\u7576\u5c40\u6709\u59a5\u5584\u6e96\u5099\u548c\u898f\u5283\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u3002\u300c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u89f8\u968a\u4f0d\u505a\u597d\u9632\u7bc4\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6301\u7e8c\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u6cbb\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3001\u7ffb\u8b6f\u54e1\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u571f\u8457\u5e7e\u53ef\u514d\u65bc\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u300d\u9019\u7e3d\u597d\u904e\u5916\u4eba\u5728\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8207\u571f\u8457\u90e8\u65cf\u610f\u5916\u63a5\u89f8\uff08accidental contact\uff09\u800c\u9020\u6210\u81f4\u547d\u5f8c\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

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